Basic weather radar signals are predominantly reflected by what within a storm?

The correct answer is rain, as basic weather radar systems function primarily by emitting radio waves that interact with precipitation particles in the atmosphere. When these radar waves encounter water droplets or ice crystals, they are reflected back to the radar antenna, enabling the radar system to detect and analyze the intensity and location of precipitation.

Rain is particularly effective at reflecting radar signals due to its size and density compared to other elements present in a storm. By interpreting these reflections, meteorologists can ascertain the location, movement, and intensity of rain, which is essential for weather forecasting and monitoring.

The options relating to lightning, wind shear, and temperature changes do not play a primary role in the functioning of basic weather radar systems. Lightning can create signals detectable by some radar systems, but it is not the main target that the radar is designed to analyze. Wind shear refers to changes in wind speed or direction, which might influence weather patterns but does not have significant radar reflectivity. Changes in temperature, while crucial to understanding weather phenomena, also lack the reflective properties that precipitation provides for radar systems. Thus, rain stands out as the primary element reflected by basic weather radar signals during storm conditions.