What does the term “glass cockpit” refer to in modern avionics?

The term "glass cockpit" refers specifically to the use of electronic displays for flight data, which is a defining characteristic of modern avionics systems. In a glass cockpit, traditional analog gauges and dials are replaced by digital screens that present information in a more integrated and visually clearer manner. These displays can show a wide range of data, including altitude, airspeed, navigational information, engine performance, and system status, all in real-time.

The technology allows for greater flexibility in data presentation, enabling pilots to customize what they see according to their needs and preferences. This modernization enhances situational awareness, improves the pilot's ability to make quick and informed decisions, and reduces the overall workload by providing comprehensive data in a consolidated format.

The other options do not accurately describe a glass cockpit. The use of physical gauges or traditional mechanical flight controls is more characteristic of older cockpit designs. Standard cockpit layouts may refer to the physical arrangement of controls but do not encompass the electronic advancements that define a glass cockpit system.