What is the role of the Engine Control Unit (ECU) in aircraft?

The Engine Control Unit (ECU) plays a critical role in managing engine performance based on a variety of inputs from the aircraft’s sensors. These inputs include parameters such as throttle position, engine temperature, and pressure readings. The ECU processes this data to optimize engine operations, adjusting fuel flow, ignition timing, and other variables in real-time to ensure that the engine operates efficiently and safely under various flight conditions. This capability allows the ECU to respond to changes in performance requirements, maintaining optimal power output while minimizing fuel consumption and emissions.

The focus of the ECU is specifically on engine systems rather than aspects like cabin climate control, fuel monitoring (which is typically managed by a different system), or flight navigation. Its primary function is to integrate and interpret critical engine data to enhance overall performance, which is essential for the safe and efficient operation of the aircraft.