Which system enhances situational awareness for pilots during flight?

The Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) is designed specifically to enhance situational awareness for pilots during flight by providing information about nearby aircraft. TCAS actively monitors the airspace around an aircraft, utilizing transponder signals from other aircraft to determine their altitude, distance, and trajectory. When a potential collision is detected, TCAS generates alerts and provides avoidance guidance to pilots, significantly increasing their awareness of surrounding traffic conditions and helping prevent mid-air collisions.

On the other hand, while other systems like the Flight Management System (FMS), Global Positioning System (GPS), and Instrument Landing System (ILS) also contribute to flight safety and navigation, they serve different primary functions. The FMS focuses on optimizing flight routes and managing navigation data, GPS provides precise positioning information, and ILS aids in landing approaches by providing lateral and vertical guidance during approaches in low visibility. None of these systems, although important, specifically address real-time awareness and collision avoidance in the same way that TCAS does.