Which system is used for precision navigation and provides continuous guidance to the pilot?

The Instrument Landing System (ILS) is designed specifically for precision guidance during the approach and landing phases of flight, providing continuous guidance to the pilot. ILS utilizes both lateral and vertical guidance, facilitating a precise alignment with the runway centerline and maintaining the correct glide slope to the runway. This makes it an invaluable tool for pilots, especially in low visibility conditions.

ILS consists of two main components: the localizer, which provides lateral guidance, and the glideslope, which offers vertical guidance. Together, these components help ensure that an aircraft can safely navigate down to the runway even in challenging weather conditions.

While other systems like VOR (VHF Omnidirectional Range), TACAN (Tactical Air Navigation), and GPS (Global Positioning System) provide navigation capabilities, they do not specifically furnish the same level of precision and continuous guidance for landing as ILS does. VOR and TACAN are primarily used for enroute navigation and do not provide glide slope information, whereas GPS, although extremely accurate for navigation, does not inherently provide the same landing precision without additional support for approach functionality.