Which technique is used to protect against electromagnetic interference in sensitive avionics components?

Protecting sensitive avionics components from electromagnetic interference (EMI) is crucial for maintaining the integrity and reliability of aviation systems. Filtering and shielding are the primary techniques used for this purpose.

Filtering works by allowing only certain frequency ranges to pass through while blocking unwanted signals that could cause interference. This is achieved using passive or active filters that can effectively reduce noise from external electromagnetic sources.

Shielding involves enclosing sensitive components or circuits within a conductive or magnetic material that acts as a barrier to electromagnetic fields. This prevents external electromagnetic energy from coupling into the aircraft's avionics systems, significantly reducing the risk of interference. Shielding can be done using materials like aluminum, copper, or specialized conductive coatings.

The other techniques mentioned, while potentially useful in specific contexts, do not directly address EMI in the same manner. Signal amplification increases the strength of a signal but does not protect against interference. Enhanced coding may improve data transmission but does not mitigate external electromagnetic disturbances. Manual calibration is essential for system accuracy but again lacks direct influence on EMI protection. Thus, filtering and shielding are the most effective methods for safeguarding avionics against EMI.